http://repository.unn.edu.ng/handle/123456789/4444 Wed, 02 Sep 2026 20:04:50 GMT 2026-09-02T20:04:50Z http://repository.unn.edu.ng/handle/123456789/9619 Globalization, Financial Market Development and Output Sustainability in West African Countries Ukandu, Nwamaka Jennifer This study examines the impact of globalization and financial market development on the economic growth of some selected West African countries. The study employed 11 countries which include Nigeria, Ghana, Senegal, Mali, Benin, Niger, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Burkina Faso and Sierra Leone. The data spanned from 1978 to 2017 (40 years). The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) through the fixed and random effects estimation technique was applied in the data analysis. Pre-estimation and post estimation test were also carried out to ascertain the nature of the data and to examine the robustness of the regression result. The results shows that the lag value of real GDP, stock of physical capital, labour force and globalization has a positive impact on economic growth while financial market development and inflation shows negative impact on economic growth of the region. Also, financial market development has insignificant relationship with investment whereas per capital income, labour force and globalization have a positive relationship with investment while real exchange rate and inflation shows a negative relationship with investment. the result also shows that globalization have insignificant relationship with financial market development, and financial market development, interest rate, inflation rate, real exchange rate and real GDP shows a positive and significant relationship with per capita income of the region. Hence, the study concludes that globalization and financial market development, if well harnessed, have the possibilities of increasing the economic growth of West Africa in the long-run. Tue, 01 Oct 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.unn.edu.ng/handle/123456789/9619 2019-10-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.unn.edu.ng/handle/123456789/9618 Demand for Health Care Service Utilization in Enugu Metropolis of Enugu State Uche, Chimobi Johnfred Healthcare service utilization has to do with the capacity to make use of existing healthcare services provided in a given area. As the most populous country in Africa, Nigeria is classified as lower middle income economy with poor health indices which left its residents with average life expectancy of 55.2 years in 2018. The poor health indicators could be associated with under-provision of healthcare services or under-utilization of healthcare services or both. This multiple association ignited interest of this study to investigate the demand for healthcare service utilization in Enugu metropolis of Enugu State, Nigeria. The study was guided by two objectives which include; to ascertain the factors that influence demand for healthcare services of households living in Enugu metropolis of Enugu state, Nigeria, and to ascertain the level of utilization of healthcare facilities amongst households living in Enugu metropolis of Enugu state, Nigeria. To achieve stated objectives, an ethical clearance was obtained from Enugu State Ministry of Health which permitted the researcher to collect information from 432 household in three Local Government Councils that made up Enugu metropolis, vis-à-vis Enugu East, North and South using structured questionnaire. The data was subjected to both descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression analysis using SATA 13 econometric software. The results show that marital status, level of education, transportation cost, service charge and waiting time played significant role in the choice of healthcare providers. The study however found that influence of employment status, income level, distance from health facilities, household size, quality of care, level of trust and health condition were not significant in determination of choice of healthcare providers. Furthermore, the result reveals that while 45.37%, 30.32% and 13.19% of households utilize private hospital, government hospital and traditional healthcare respectively, 11.11% households have no healthcare provider. The study therefore concludes that while some factors significantly influenced the choice of healthcare providers in Enugu metropolis, existing health facilities in the city are being under-utilized by households. Hence, it was recommended among others that government should educate households on the need to seek healthcare service from professionals so as to minimize the risk of self-medication. Similarly, more investment should be encourage in the health sector and ensure provision of quality healthcare delivery in the society. Wed, 01 Aug 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.unn.edu.ng/handle/123456789/9618 2018-08-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.unn.edu.ng/handle/123456789/9344 Post-Occupancy Evaluation of Outdoor Spaces of Public Housing Estates for Housing Satisfaction of Middle Income Residents In Enugu, Nigeria Obi, Nicholas I In Public Housing Estates in Enugu, outdoor spaces within residential areas are not planned or designed with due considerations for the social, economic and cultural requirements of residents. This is always evident by the haphazard and chaotic nature of the residential outdoor spaces which are predominantly occupied by the middle income residents in the housing estates. No prior empirical studies have been carried out to determine such outdoor users’ needs. Previous studies on Post Occupancy Evaluation of completed buildings focused on indoor spaces and the exterior envelop of the buildings, but paid no attention to the outdoor space needs of the residents. This encourages modification/re-adaptation of such outdoor spaces thus creating a gap that needs to be filled through a concerted research on the subject. There is no existing template for such outdoor space needs and their design, hence the need for the study. The aim of the study was to determine the post-occupancy conditions of outdoor spaces for the satisfaction of the middle-income residents of government housing schemes in Enugu Metropolis. The objectives include: i determination of the extent of modification/re-adaptation of outdoor spaces have taken place in the study area; ii the residents’ level of satisfaction of the existing outdoor spaces in the study area iii the outdoor space-needs of the occupants in the study area and iv the mean functional space requirements m2 for the outdoor activities taking place in the study area. m2 for the outdoor activities of the residents. The study adopted the survey design. Personal observations and pretested questionnaire were used to generate the required data. The population of study consisted 4028 units in 10 estates that were purposively selected for the study. The 10 estates used for the study include: Greenland Phases I-III, Maryland Phase I, Ehocol Phase II, Trans Ekulu Phases I-VI, Riverside Phases I-II, Golf Course Phase I, Real Estate Uwani, Federal Housing Phases I-II, Ebano and Fidelity. Krejcie & Morgan established mathematical equation was applied to determine sample size of 421.houses for the survey.339 copies of questionnaires 81% were retrieved. The questionnaire was designed in 5-likert scale format. Determination of the validity of the instrument was done by a statistician and two research fellows in the Department of Architecture. Split-half test applied to determine the reliability of the instrument using Cronbach’s Alpha method gave a value of 0.741 coefficients. The data were analyzed with PCA and ANOVA. The level of modification/re-adaptation of outdoor spaces in the study area was averagely high 77%. They include outdoor recreation 19.078%. outdoor games 14.377%, informal sector activities 10.340%, outdoor parking 4.815%, small scale formal enterprise 4.419, home base enterprise 4.252%, playground 4.219%, ramp for physically challenged people 4.206%, animal husbandry 3.731%, schools 3.472%, sanitation equipment 3.028%. The residents’ outdoor space needs were equally high 76%. The mean outdoor space requirements were determined for 2bedroom bungalows 240.67m,2; 2/3Bedroom Block of Flats 298 m2; 3bedroom bungalows-311m2;4 bedroom bungalows 323 m2; 4 bedroom Storied houses 400 m2; and5 bedroom Storied houses 501m2. Wed, 01 Aug 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.unn.edu.ng/handle/123456789/9344 2018-08-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.unn.edu.ng/handle/123456789/9343 Community Centre Yenagoa, Bayelsa State Ikirigo, Kelvin NC The environmental contribution of the built environment to man cannot be treated with a lames leg as the total man is a sum total of his environment; this is so because the environment moulds man, just as man moulds his environment. The spaces man creates to serve a particular function must be adaptable and sustainable since there is a chronological and a continuous order in life. Space adaptability is one of the germane principle if we are to achieve a sustainable architecture which tend to provide one of mans basic necessities of life. Therefore, or so, adaptability and flexibility cannot be overemphasized because of the present need for sustainability in our time. This overture is geared towards obtaining adaptable spaces within a community centre, which will in turn be a machinery and aid in the study and understanding of the nitty-gritty in the design of this particular project. Nothing can have value without being an object of utility. The stereotypical method of spatial design is to develop a space for its effective utilization for the primary purpose. Sometimes, a simple adjustment of spatial configuration allows for a change in use for the same space. These adjustments define the adaptability of such space. Chapter one of this thesis report presents an introduction into the subject, stating the motivation and purpose, statement of architectural problems, defining scope etc. Chapter two presents the theoretical framework backing up adaptable spaces and space syntax, historical background of both the study and the design structure. The third chapter sited relevant cases which were also evaluated for study. Chapter four talks about general planning principles and design considerations for the design. chapter five dwells on analyses of required spaces also throws more light on the design criteria, the chosen site and its implications on the design. The final chapter (six) rounds up this project as a design, the design synthesis and philosophy behind it discussed and recommendations and conclusions made. Sun, 01 Jun 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.unn.edu.ng/handle/123456789/9343 2014-06-01T00:00:00Z