http://repository.unn.edu.ng/handle/123456789/2944 2026-09-02T19:03:54Z 2026-09-02T19:03:54Z Nwaeje, Maryann Ifeoma http://repository.unn.edu.ng/handle/123456789/7338 2018-09-14T15:07:52Z 2015-02-01T00:00:00Z

Determination of the Concentration of Pollutants From Warri Refinery Effluent and its Impact on Water Quality of Ubeji River Nwaeje, Maryann Ifeoma This study investigated the effects of effluent discharged from Warri Refinery on the water quality of Ubeji River, Warri Delta state. Water samples were collected from upstream, point of discharge of effluent and downstream sections of the river. Physicochemical parameters (turbidity, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, total suspended solid, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, oil and grease), concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS) and heavy metals (Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel, Lead and Zinc) of the receiving water body were determined and compared with the WHO standard for drinking water. At the upstream section of the river, some parameters were higher than WHO standard and these parameters are turbidity, oil and grease, H2S, Chromium, Lead with the mean values 30.5±0.77, 6.96±1.11, 0.64±0.10, 0.039±0.00, 0.005±0.00 respectively. At the point of discharge, pH, TSS, BOD, Chromium, Lead with mean values 6.7±0.08, 48.12±0.28, 12.56±0.34, 0.023±0.00, 0.004±0.00 respectively where found to be above WHO standard. At the downstream section, EC (590.68±2.27), TSS (35.11±0.69), Turbidity (43.22±0.48), DO (51.45±0.04), oil and grease (8.58±0.29), Phenol (5.99±0.03), H2S (0.58±0.01) and Chromium (0.041±0.00), Lead (0.005±0.00) were found to be higher than WHO limit for drinking water. PAHs were found to be higher than the WHO standard at the point of discharge and downstream sections of the river. The concentration of these pollutants indicated that the River is polluted and not good for human consumption. It is therefore recommended that there should be continuous monitoring of refinery effluent.

2015-02-01T00:00:00Z Onuoha, Constance Chioma http://repository.unn.edu.ng/handle/123456789/7337 2018-09-14T15:06:45Z 2015-11-01T00:00:00Z

Environmental Health Risk Behaviors Related to Agrochemical Exposure Among Rice Farmers in Izzi Local Government Area, Ebonyi State Onuoha, Constance Chioma The large-scale use of agrochemicals has raised environmental and human health concerns. A comprehensive intervention strategy for improving agro-chemical safety among rice farmers in Izzi Local Government Area of Ebony State which comprises six communities (Agbja, Ndiebor, Ezza-Inyimegu, Ibeagu, Mgba-ukwu and Ndieze) is lacking. This study is carried out in light of the crucial importance of rice in the attainment of food security status. The study was designed to (i) assess the difference in the different types of pesticide used in rice cultivation (ii) evaluate farmers perception on health risk behaviours regarding the different health belief model. (iii) examine self reported health issues that are influenced by farmers pesticides use. The study was conducted in Izzi Local Government Area. Data were collected from 400 farmers. Data comprise of questionnaire distribution and records from hospital. The questionnaire distribution sample size of 400 was obtained using the Taro Yamane’s formula. Bowleys formula was applied to determine the number of questionnaire for each study locations which was proportionate to the population of the study locations. Data collected were presented in form of tables and graph. The hypothesis number one and two was tested using the ANOVA and hypothesis three was tested using multiple linear regression analysis. The findings included: the difference in the types of pesticides used within the different communities (p-0.100) due to their ability to protect and improve yield. The knowledge of agrochemical use constitutes a basic knowledge of agrochemical safety behaviors. The farmers acknowledge the existence of health risk associated with exposure to pesticides which affect the condition of life and life supporting system. The result of the objective 2 showed significant differences on perception of farmers concerning health risk behavior amongst the different health belief model (P=0.0000). The farmers had moderate level of perceived susceptibility to, severity of benefit of and barrier to using agrochemical safety. The study also noted that the use of pesticide has strong positive relationship on health related issues (R=0.999 and P value – 0.018) for miscarriage, skin diseases, respiratory disorder and vomiting. Major risk factor related to agrochemical exposure resulted from the misuse of pesticides, including erroneous belief of farmer regarding pesticide toxicity. Hence the study reveals that health risk behaviours regarding agrochemical exposure in the study area is mainly caused by lack of attention to safety precautions and use of faulty protective gear. The study thus recommends that an intervention program is necessary to improve safety with regard to agrochemical in rice in Izzi Local Government Area.

2015-11-01T00:00:00Z Nnam, Raph Chigozie http://repository.unn.edu.ng/handle/123456789/7336 2018-09-14T15:02:26Z 2015-11-01T00:00:00Z

Patterns of E-Waste Management and Stakeholders’ Perceptions in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria Nnam, Raph Chigozie The patterns of E-Waste Management and Stakeholders Perceptions in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria was assessed in this project. The study was prompted by the problems emanating from e-waste. Some conceptual frameworks were highlighted of the problems that may arise from e-waste. Relevant literature on the thoughts of writers on the topic, were reviewed. The management of e-waste were studied through some postulated hypothesis on the generation, disposal, recycling and the health and environmental effect of e-waste. The Principal Company Analysis (PCA) and the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were the statistical tools employed in the study. The study proved that there are significant differences in the patterns of e-waste generation and disposal in Enugu Metropolis. There is a discernable pattern of e-waste recycling in the study area. Environmentally unfriendly methods are used. The stakeholders have varying perception of the health and environmental effect of e-waste. Based on these findings recommendations were proffered for better management of e-waste in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria.

2015-11-01T00:00:00Z Iwueke, Nyainbau Tarinabo http://repository.unn.edu.ng/handle/123456789/7335 2018-09-14T14:56:56Z 2014-09-01T00:00:00Z

Assessment of Urban Agriculture as a Means of Sustainable Urban Livelihood in Enugu Metropolis, Enugu State Nigeria Iwueke, Nyainbau Tarinabo Urban agriculture is defined as the practice of farming within the boundaries of towns or cities. It is one of the most common informal sector activities of urban dwellers in Enugu. Farming in this sense involves crop cultivation, animal rearing and fish farming. In this definition of urban agriculture, the location of farms plays the most important role. Approximately half of the residents in Enugu are involved in the practice. This is similar to the rates in other towns/cities in sub-Saharan Africa. The nature of urban agricultural activities in Enugu was evaluated, and the benefit of the activities of urban agricultural practitioners in terms of income generation and poverty alleviation for a sustainable livelihood of the urban household was established. The three local government areas of Enugu North, Enugu South and Enugu East, were purposively selected for the study. This is because they all fall within the Enugu urban area. Purposive sampling technique was used to elicit information based on the perceived activities of Enugu urban farmers. Furthermore, stratified sampling technique was adopted in the study. The stratification was based on the prevalent farm types in the study area, viz: mixed farms, vegetable farms, fruit farms, floriculture, poultry, pig farms, goat-keeping and fish farms. The major urban agricultural activities are mixed crop cultivation (38.8 percent), Vegetable farming (27.2 percent), and production of fruits (1.7 percent), Fish farming (6.5 percent), Floriculture (1.6 percent), Poultry production (14.3 percent), Pig farming (6.6 percent), and Goat keeping (3.5 percent). In this study, women (52 percent) were found to be marginally more involved in urban agricultural activities than men (48 percent), perhaps because of the established central and cultural role of women in household food delivery. Three hypotheses were postulated and tested in the study. Hypothesis 1 stated that: The expenditure on farm inputs and income generated from urban agricultural activities has no significant relationship. Regression analysis was used to test this hypothesis. Although, the farm input: income ratio (percent) varied by farm type, there was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.944) between the expenditure on farm inputs and income generated from urban agricultural activities in Enugu Metropolis. Hypothesis 2 stated that: The incomes from urban agricultural activities by practitioners in Enugu Metropolis do not have significant effect on their household expenditure. The household expenditures considered included Labour, School Fees, Rent, Household Food and Savings. Regression analysis was also used to test for significant relationship between the income from urban agricultural activities by practitioners in Enugu Metropolis and their Household (HH) expenditure. There was a high correlation between income and labour (r = 0.966), income and total household food expenditure and savings (r = 0.970) the correlation between income and school fees was (r = 0.677) while income and rent was (r = 0.653). Hypothesis 3 states that: Incomes generated from urban agricultural activities do not significantly vary among the three Local Government Areas of Enugu Metropolis. This was tested using the One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The incomes generated from urban agricultural activities did not significantly vary among the three Local Government Areas of Enugu Metropolis (0.953>0.05). The study concluded that urban agricultural activities can be operated as a viable and sustainable economic, environmental, social and political system. To ensure that the full potentials of urban agriculture in reducing urban poverty are realized in Enugu, the following recommendations were made: (a) Community participation in municipal key decisions on urban agriculture (b) The development of linkages with other sectors in Government. (c) Integration of urban agriculture into the Nigerian cities' planning vision should be accompanied by policies that seek to expand the water supply infrastructure to accommodate urban agriculture. (d) National and local government should support affordable urban land tenure reforms or long-term leases for poor urban farmers. (e) Zoning codes should be revised to support urban food production.

2014-09-01T00:00:00Z